In Brazil, the Programa Grande Carajas, in the heart of the Amazonian forest, is the largest complex composed of several mines for the extraction of iron in the world. It is here that are located the main activities of the Vale company. This Brazilian company is the world’s largest producer of iron ore and the second group of extractions in the world. Vale is also part of a joint venture that operates the Germano mine in Minas Gerais where in 2015 two dams broke, creating the worst environmental disaster in the history of Brazil. Vale operates the 890-km long railway that links the mines in the Carajas region in the Brazilian state of Para to the maritime terminal of Ponta da Madeira, Sao Luis, in the Brazilian state of Maranhaõ. It is on this line that circulates the longest train (3,5 km) of Latin America. Composed of 330 wagons, its main cargo is iron ore but there is also a private passenger train. The fleet is composed of 220 locomotives and 20 000 wagons. 15 ore trains pass every day through 27 villages, some of which are victims of the pollution caused by the iron and steel industry and the coal industry necessary to transform the iron into cast iron, which is also transported to the coast.

















